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Palestinian Patriarchate
The Palestinian Patriarchate was the governing legalistic body of Palestinian Jewry after the destruction of the Second Temple until about 425 CE.
It was headed by the chief scholars of the great Palestinian academies, and with the decline of the Sanhedrin, their spiritual and legal authority was generally accepted, the institution itself being supported by voluntary contributions by Jews throughout the ancient world. Being a member of the house of Hillel and thus a descendant of King David, the Patriarch, known in Hebrew as the ''Nasi'' (prince), enjoyed almost royal authority.〔 Their functions were political rather than religious, though their influence was not limited to the secular realm.〔 The Patriarchate attained its zenith under Judah ha-Nasi who compiled the Mishnah〔 a compendium of views from Judean thought leaders of Judaism other than the Torah.
The system of a Patriarchate of Palestinian Jewry continued under Roman rule for some 350 years (ca. 80-425 CE), until Theodosius II (408-450) abolished it.〔 Its demise begun in 313 with the Edict of Milan regarding religious tolerance and marking the end of the persecutions against Christians, thus seen as the first step towards Christianity becoming the official state religion of the Roman Empire. The exact reason for the abrogation of the patriarchate is not clear, though Gamaliel VI, the last holder of the office who had been for a time elevated by the emperor to the rank of prefect,〔 may have fallen out with the imperial authorities.〔 Thereafter, Jews were gradually excluded from holding public office.
==Court of the Patriarch==
Rabbinic texts indicate that following the Bar Kokhba revolt, the southern Galilee became the seat of rabbinic learning in the Land of Israel. This region was the location of the court of the Patriarch which was situated first at Usha, then at Bet Shearim, later at Sepphoris and finally at Tiberias.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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